![]() ![]() ![]() On the basis of in vivo two-photon imaging of small fluorescent tracers, we showed that CSF enters the parenchyma along paravascular spaces that surround penetrating arteries and that brain interstitial fluid is cleared along paravenous drainage pathways. We demonstrate that a substantial portion of subarachnoid CSF cycles through the brain interstitial space. ![]() The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) functions as a sink for brain extracellular solutes, but it is not clear how solutes from the brain interstitium move from the parenchyma to the CSF. Animation depicting the role of paravascular CSF influx in interstitial solute clearance from the brain.īecause it lacks a lymphatic circulation, the brain must clear extracellular proteins by an alternative mechanism. ![]() Direct visualization of para-arterial influx of subarachnoid CSF tracer into the brain parenchyma. Schematic diagram of paravascular and interstitial bulk flow pathways. Measurement of interstitial solute clearance from the brain.įig. Differential expression of AQP4 in periarterial versus perivenous astrocytes.įig. Visualization of paravascular accumulation of tracer and the Virchow-Robin space in wild-type and Aqp4-null mice.įig. Intracisternally and intraparenchymally injected tracer shares the same paravenous drainage pathway.įig. CSF does not enter the brain parenchyma along paravenous pathways.įig. In vivo imaging of para-arterial influx of small– and large–molecular weight tracers.įig. Measurement of subarachnoid CSF entry into the brain parenchyma.įig. Quantification of fluorescent CSF tracer distribution within the brain parenchyma.įig. ![]()
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